Adaptation policies in particular signal a complex understanding of climate mobility. They reflect a spectrum of factors and dynamics that shape the impact of climate change on human mobility. As of 2024, 11 of the 25 members of the Association of Caribbean States (ACS) refer to climate mobility in either their National Adaptation Plan (NAP) or Nationally-Determined Contribution (NDC).

Most recently, Mexico updated its National Climate Change Strategy to include recognition of international and internal migration resulting from climate change. It calls for rights-based approaches to both climate adaptation and migrant integration. 

Outside of climate action, other legislative initiatives to address climate mobility are beginning to take shape. Costa Rica, has considered expanding refugee protection under national law to include the consideration of climate drivers.

Colombia’s highest court ruled that the impacts of climate change can legally be considered causes of forced displacement. The court called on the Colombian Congress and the national government to develop a legal framework to address the issue. Additionally, a draft bill on internal climate displacement, proposed in 2023, is currently making its way through the Congress. It calls for a national registry of climate-displaced persons, as well as resources for their protection. 

Governments have begun to recognize climate mobility as a policy challenge and are using existing instruments to protect people. There is precedent across the region of working within existing immigration laws to respond to cross-border movement related to environmental and climate hazards. However, most admissions and protections are temporary and event-specific. Existing pathways aren’t yet sufficient to ensure predictable and dignified relocation opportunities for everyone in need.